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VITAMINS AND MINERALS
Quiz by Katrina Bondoc
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34 questions
Q.must be constantly replenished in the body because they are rapidly eliminated from the body in the urine. They are carried in the bloodstream, are needed in frequent, small doses, and are unlikely to be toxic except when taken in unusually large doses. function as coenzymes for a number of important biochemical reactions in humans, animals, and microorganisms
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Q.are found dissolved in lipid materials. They are, in general, carried in the blood by protein carriers, are stored in fat tissues, are needed in periodic doses, and are more likely to be toxic when consumed in excess of need.- generally do not function as coenzymes in humans and animals and are rarely utilized in any manner by microorganisms.
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Q.is an organic compound, essential in small amounts for the proper functioning of the human body, that must be obtained from dietary sources because the body cannot synthesize it.
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Q.Humans, monkeys, apes and guinea pigs need dietary vitamins– Co-substrate in the formation of structural protein collagen– Involved in metabolism of certain amino acids
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Q.vitamin B1“Free” ______ structure consists of a central carbon atom to which is attached a six-membered heterocylic amine and a fivemembered thiazole (sulfur-nitrogen) ring system
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Q.vitamin B2 (YELLOW VITAMIN)structure involves three fused six-membered rings (two of which contain nitrogen) with the monosaccharide ribose attached to the middle ring.
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Q.(nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin B3occurs in food in two different, but similar, forms: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.
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Q.(pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamineis a collective term for three related compounds: pyridoxine (found in foods of plant origin) and pyridoxal and pyridoxamine (found in foods of animal origin)
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Q.folic acidfound in foods. All of them have structures that consist of three parts: (1) a nitrogen-containing double-ring system (pteridine), (2) paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA), and (3) one or more residues of the amino acid glutamate.
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Q.Vitamin B12comes from the fact that an atom of the metal cobalt and numerous amine groups are present in the structure of vitamin B12, which is by far the most complex of all vitamin structures.
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Q.vitamin B5The name pantothenic acid is based on the Greek word “pantothen,” which means “from everywhere.” This vitamin is found in almost every plant and animal tissue
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Q.unique among the B vitamins in that it can be obtained both from dietary intake and also via biotin-producing bacteria (microbiota, hence the name biotin) present in the human large intestine
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Q.FAT SOLUBLE VITAMIN
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Q.Has role in vision - only 1/1000 of______is in retina 3 Forms of vitamin A are active in the bodyDerived from b-carotine
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Q.process in which immature cells change to specialized cells with function.
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Q.In men, vitamin A participates in sperm development. In women, normal fetal development during pregnancy requires vitamin A.
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Q.Two forms active in the body (VITAMIN D)
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Q.Synthesized by UV light from sun
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Q.It controls correct ratio of Ca and P for bone mineralization (hardening)– As a hormone it promotes Ca and P absorption in intestine
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Q.the most active biological active form of Vitamin E
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Q.Peanut oils, green and leafy vegetables and whole grain products are the sources of ______– Primary function: Antioxidant – protects against oxidation of other compounds
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Q.Two major forms OF VITAMIN K
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Q.found in dark green, leafy vegetables
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Q.Is synthesized by bacteria that grow in colon
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Q. Active in the formation of proteins involved in regulating blood clottin
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Q.Unlike vitamins which are organic substances, minerals are inorganic substances which is needed in small amounts that must be obtained from food
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Q.:Production of hemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen in the blood– Sources: Red meat, liver, eggs, bread, green vegetables– Deficiency: Anemia
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Q.Teeth and bones, blood clotting, nerve and muscle contraction, heart regulation– Sources: Dairy products, fortified white bread, green vegetables, nuts and seeds– Deficiency: Stunted growth can cause rickets and osteoporosis
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Q.Bones and teeth accompanied by calcium, muscle contraction– Sources: Dairy products, nuts, meat, fish, oats, cocoa– Deficiency: rarely deficient but could cause tiredness and depression
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Q.Maintains water balance in the body and controls body temperature, helps you sweat when body temperature rises– Sources: Cheese, smoked meats, fish, table salt,– Deficiency: deficiency is highly unlikely
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Q. Muscle contraction and in maintaining body fluid. It is necessary for the building of muscle and for normal body growth.– Sources: Banana, celery, meat, fruits, milk, grains, legumes, raisins, dates, figs– Deficiency: dry skin, acne, muscle spasms or weakness
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Q.Aids the immune system. Cofactor in enzymes. Needed for the senses of smell and taste– Sources: Meat esp. lamb meat, oats, eggs, nuts– Deficiency: Retarded growth– Excess: Enlarged liver
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Q.Thyroid gland function (controls how quickly the body uses energy) and body metabolism– Sources: Milk, eggs, yogurt, seafood, iodized salt– Disease involved Goiter
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Q.uscle contraction, DNA synthesis, controls blood sugar and blood pressure, cofactor of enzymes– Sources: Cheeses, cocoa, chocolate, nuts, beans– Deficiency: hypocalcemia
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